Search the Qigong and Energy Medicine Database™

The Qigong and Energy Medicine Database™ contains abstracts collected by the Qigong Institute since 1984. Use the form below to search for the abstracts you are interested in and read them or print or export them in text format for offline reading.

ADVANCED SEARCH
Page: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191
The database contains 19002 abstracts.
Showing results per page.
Title Author Journal Date
Coherent nature of the radiation emitted in delayed luminescence of leaves Bajpai RP. J Theor Biol. 1999 Jun 7 VIEW
Attributes characterizing spontaneous ultra-weak photon signals of human subjects. Bajpai RP, Van Wijk EP, Van Wijk R, van der Greef J. J Photochem Photobiol B 2013 Sep 30 VIEW
Light as a trigger and a probe of the internal dynamics of living organisms. Bajpai R, Brizhik L, Del Giudice E, Finelli F, Popp FA, Schlebusch KP. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2010 Dec VIEW
Music and dementia. Baird A1, Samson S2. Prog Brain Res. 2015 VIEW
The heart field effect: Synchronization of healer-subject heart rates in energy therapy. Bair CC. Adv Mind Body Med. 2008 Winter VIEW
The Effect of Humor on Short-term Memory in Older Adults: A New Component for Whole-Person Wellness. Bains GS, Berk LS, Daher N, Lohman E, Schwab E, Petrofsky J, Deshpande P. Adv Mind Body Med. 2014 Spring VIEW
The experiences of parents in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Bailie C, Kuyken W, Sonnenberg S. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011 Mar 23 VIEW
Bonghan Ducts and Corpuscles with DNA-contained Granules on the Internal Organs-Surfaces of Rabbits Baik Ku-Youn//Sung Baeckkyoung//Lee Byung-Cheon//Johng Hyeon-Min //// J Intl Soc Life Info Science 2004 VIEW
Histological aspect of threadlike structure inside blood vessel Baik Ku-Yooun 1//Park Eun-Sung 2//Lee Byung-Cheon 1//Shin Hak-Soo 1//// J Intl Soc Life Info Science 2004 VIEW
Theta activity and meditative states: spectral changes during concentrative meditation. Baijal S, Srinivasan N. Cogn Process. 2009 Jul 22 VIEW
The Influence of Concentrative Meditation Training on the Development of Attention Networks during Early Adolescence. Baijal S, Jha AP, Kiyonaga A, Singh R, Srinivasan N. Front Psychol. 2011 VIEW
Whole body vibration induces forepaw and hind paw behavioral sensitivity in the rat. Baig HA, Guarino BB, Lipschutz D, Winkelstein BA. J Orthop Res. 2013 Jul 7 VIEW
The Effects of Qigong for Adults with Chronic Pain Bai Z1, Guan Z2, Fan Y3, Liu C3, Yang K1, Ma B1, Wu B4,5. Am J Chin Med. 2015 Nov 30 VIEW
Investigating the effect of transcendental meditation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bai Z1, Chang J1, Chen C2, Li P2, Yang K1, Chi I3. J Hum Hypertens. 2015 Feb 12 VIEW
Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial of Physiotherapy and Acupuncture on Motor Function and Daily Activities in Patients with Ischemic Stroke. Bai YL, Li L, Hu YS, Wu Y, Xie PJ, Wang SW, Yang M, Xu YM, Zhu B. J Altern Complement Med. 2013 Apr 21 VIEW
An Explanation of 'Hetu' Bai Ying Shenzhen 3rd Int Qigong Conf [in Chinese] 1992 VIEW
Review of evidence suggesting that the fascia network could be the anatomical basis for acupoints and meridians in the human body. Bai Y, Wang J, Wu JP, Dai JX, Sha O, Tai Wai Yew D, Yuan L, Liang QN. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011 VIEW
Fifty-Hertz electromagnetic fields facilitate the induction of rat bone mesenchymal stromal cells to differentiate into functional neurons. Bai WF, Xu WC, Feng Y, Huang H, Li XP, Deng CY, Zhang MS. Cytotherapy. 2013 Apr 17 VIEW
The summary of the principles of the new life mechanics Bai Tao 2nd Int Conf on Qigong 1989 VIEW
[Clinical observation on post-stroke shoulder pain treated with balance acupuncture]. Bai Q. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2010 Nov VIEW
Neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture. Bai L1, Harris RE2, Kong J3, Lao L4, Napadow V5, Zhao B6. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013 VIEW
Neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture 2014. Bai L1, Harris RE2, Kong J3, Lao L4, Napadow V5, Zhao B6. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014 VIEW
Follow-up of psychotic disorders caused by Qigong in 29 cases Bai L//Wang Y//Hou R Journal of Chinese Mental Health 1997 VIEW
Characterizing acupuncture de qi in mild cognitive impairment: relations with small-world efficiency of functional brain networks. Bai L, Zhang M, Chen S, Ai L, Xu M, Wang D, Wang F, Liu L, Wang F, Lao L. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013 VIEW
Neural specificity of acupuncture stimulation at pericardium 6: Evidence from an FMRI study. Bai L, Yan H, Li L, Qin W, Chen P, Liu P, Gong Q, Liu Y, Tian J. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009 Dec 20 VIEW
Neural specificity of acupuncture stimulation at pericardium 6: evidence from an FMRI study. Bai L, Yan H, Li L, Qin W, Chen P, Liu P, Gong Q, Liu Y, Tian J. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010 Jan VIEW
Acupuncture modulates temporal neural responses in wide brain networks: evidence from fMRI study. Bai L, Tian J, Zhong C, Xue T, You Y, Liu Z, Chen P, Gong Q, Ai L, Qin W, Dai J, Liu Y. Mol Pain. 2010 Nov 2 VIEW
Time-varied characteristics of acupuncture effects in fMRI studies. Bai L, Qin W, Tian J, Liu P, Li L, Chen P, Dai J, Craggs JG, von Deneen KM, Liu Y. Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Apr 6 VIEW
Neurobiological foundations of acupuncture: the relevance and future prospect based on neuroimaging evidence. Bai L, Lao L. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013 VIEW
Acupuncture de qi in stable somatosensory stroke patients: relations with effective brain network for motor recovery. Bai L, Cui F, Zou Y, Lao L. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013 VIEW
Medical observation on the influence of health preserving qigong to the aged people’s cerebrovascular resistance charts Bai Huimin//Rutien ? 2nd Int Conf on Qigong 1989 VIEW
Seeds Induced to Germinate Rapidly by Mentally Projected `Qi Energy' Are Apparently Genetically Altered Bai FS//Sun Chulin//Liu Z//Shen J//Shen Y//// American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2000 VIEW
Exposure to mobile phone (900-1800 MHz) during pregnancy: tissue oxidative stress after childbirth. Bahreyni Toossi MH1, Sadeghnia HR2, Mohammad Mahdizadeh Feyzabadi M1, Hosseini M3, Hedayati M4, Mosallanejad R1, Beheshti F4, Alizadeh Rahvar Z1 J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017 Apr 23 VIEW
Acupuncture for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial Studying Changes in Clinical Symptoms and Electrodiagnostic Tests. Bahrami-Taghanaki H, Azizi H, Hasanabadi H, Jokar MH, Iranmanesh A, Khorsand-Vakilzadeh A, Badiee-Aval S Altern Ther Health Med. 2019 Oct 1 VIEW
The role of the host microbiome in autism and neurodegenerative disorders and effect of epigenetic procedures in the brain functions Bahman Yousefi1, Parviz Kokhaei2, Fatemeh Mehranfar3, Aisa Bahar4, Anna Abdolshahi5, Alireza Emadi6, Majid Eslami7 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021 Nov 3 VIEW
Gentle Human Touch and Yakson: The Effect on Preterm's Behavioral Reactions. Bahman Bijari B, Iranmanesh S, Eshghi F, Baneshi MR. ISRN Nurs. 2012 VIEW
The effect of yoga on respiratory functions, symptom control and life quality of asthma patients: A randomized controlled study. Bahçecioğlu Turan G1 Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019 Oct 28 VIEW
The effect of Tai Chi on functional mobility, balance and falls in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews Bahar Aras1, Gulce Kallem Seyyar2, Oznur Fidan3, Ertugrul Colak4 Explore (NY) 2021 Dec 13 VIEW
Neuromodulation and the Gut-Brain Axis: Therapeutic Mechanisms and Implications for Gastrointestinal and Neurological Disorders Baha' Aljeradat1,2, Danisha Kumar1,3, Sulaiman Abdulmuizz1,4, Mrinmoy Kundu1,5, Yasser F Almealawy1,6, Dima Ratib Batarseh1,2, Oday Atallah1,7, Michelle Ennabe1,8, Muath Alsarafandi1,9,10, Albert Alan1,11,12, Martin Weinand11,12 Pathophysiology 2024 May 17 VIEW
Pulsed electromagnetic fields in knee osteoarthritis: a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Bagnato GL1, Miceli G2, Marino N2, Sciortino D2, Bagnato GF2. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015 Dec 24 VIEW
MicroRNA expression profiling of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic differentiation reveals Osterix regulation by miR-31. Baglìo SR, Devescovi V, Granchi D, Baldini N. Gene 2013 Jul 1 VIEW
Mitochondrial emitted electromagnetic signals mediate retrograde signaling. Bagkos G1, Koufopoulos K1, Piperi C2. Med Hypotheses. 2015 Oct 13 VIEW
Notch pathway is active during osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by pulsed electromagnetic fields. Bagheri L1, Pellati A1, Rizzo P1, Aquila G2,3, Massari L1, De Mattei M1, Ongaro A1 J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2017 May 8 VIEW
Effect of Long-term Occupational Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Proinflammatory Cytokine and Hematological Parameters. Bagheri Hosseinabadi M1, Khanjani N2, Samaei E3, Nazarkhani F4 Int J Radiat Biol. 2019 Jul 22 VIEW
DNA damage from long-term occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields among power plant workers. Bagheri Hosseinabadi M1, Khanjani N2, Mirzaii M3, Norouzi P3, Atashi A4 Mutat Res. 2019 Oct VIEW
The effect of chronic exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on sleep quality, stress, depression  and anxiety. Bagheri Hosseinabadi M1, Khanjani N2, Ebrahimi MH1, Haji B1, Abdolahfard M1 Electromagn Biol Med. 2018 Dec 14 VIEW
A Comparative Study of the Effect of Transcendental Meditation and Shavasana Practice on the Cardiovascular System Bagga OP//Gandhi A Indian Heart Journal 1983 VIEW
Effect of Therapeutic Touch on Sleep Quality in Elders Living at Nursing Homes. Bağcı H1, Çınar Yücel Ş2 J Relig Health. 2019 May 6 VIEW
Acupuncture induced changes of the pressure pain threshold are mediated by segmental inhibition - a randomized controlled trial. Baeumler PI1, Fleckenstein J, Benedikt F, Bader J, Irnich D. Pain 2015 Jul 1 VIEW
Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Baer RA1, Smith GT, Hopkins J, Krietemeyer J, Toney L Assessment. 2006 Mar VIEW
Weekly Change in Mindfulness and Perceived Stress in a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program. Baer RA, Carmody J, Hunsinger M. J Clin Psychol. 2012 May 23 VIEW
Electromagnetic Fields Mediate Efficient Cell Reprogramming into The Pluripotent State. Baek S, Quan X, Kim SC, Lengner C, Park JK, Kim J. ACS Nano. 2014 Sep 23 VIEW
Modulation of Cerebellar Cortical Plasticity Using Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Poststroke Sensorimotor Function Recovery. Baek H1,2, Pahk KJ1, Kim MJ1, Youn I1,2, Kim H1,2 Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2018 Sep VIEW
Salivary cortisone, as a biomarker for psychosocial stress, is associated with state anxiety and heart rate. Bae YJ1, Reinelt J2, Netto J1, Uhlig M2, Willenberg A1, Ceglarek U1, Villringer A3, Thiery J1, Gaebler M3, Kratzsch J4 Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018 Oct 28 VIEW
Intra-operative music listening for anxiety, the BIS index, and the vital signs of patients undergoing regional anesthesia. Bae I1, Lim HM2, Hur MH3, Lee M4. Complement Ther Med. 2014 Apr VIEW
Proteomic analysis of the effect of acupuncture on the suppression of kainic Acid-induced neuronal destruction in mouse hippocampus. Bae CH, Kim DS, Jun YL, Kwon S, Park HJ, Hahm DH, Lee H, Kim ST. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013 VIEW
Can Islamic prayers benefit spondyloarthritides? Case report of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis and increased spinal mobility after an intensive regimen of Islamic pray Badsha H, Tak PP Rheumatol Int. 2008 Mar 7 VIEW
The benefits of yoga for rheumatoid arthritis: results of a preliminary, structured 8-week program. Badsha H, Chhabra V, Leibman C, Mofti A, Kong KO. Rheumatol Int. 2009 Jan 31 VIEW
A Double-Blind Study Exploring the Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to Potentially Enhance Mindfulness Meditation (E-Meditation). Badran BW1, Austelle CW2, Smith NR3, Glusman CE3, Froeliger B4, Garland EL5, Borckardt JJ3, George MS6, Short B3 Brain Stimul. 2016 Oct 17 VIEW
Electrophysiologic characteristics of respiratory suspension periods occurring during the practice of the Transcendental Meditation Program Badawi K//Wallace RK//Orme-Johnson D//Rouzere AM Psychosom Med 1984 VIEW
The Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation due to Mobile Phone Use on Thyroid Function in Medical Students Studying in a Medical College in South India. Baby NM1, Koshy G1, Mathew A2 Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Nov-Dec VIEW
Cumulative effect of low-level laser therapy and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on bone repair in rats. Babuccu C1, Keklikoğlu N2, Baydoğan M3, Kaynar A4. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014 Jan 24 VIEW
Cortical sources of resting state EEG rhythms are related to brain hypometabolism in subjects with Alzheimer's disease: an EEG-PET study. Babiloni C1, Del Percio C2, Caroli A3, Salvatore E4, Nicolai E2, Marzano N5, Lizio R6, Cavedo E7, Landau S8, Chen K9, Jagust W10, Reiman E9, Tedeschi G11, Montella P11, De Stefano M11, Gesualdo L12, Frisoni GB13, Soricelli A14 Neurobiol Aging. 2016 Aug 31 VIEW
Cortical Sources of Resting State EEG Rhythms are Sensitive to the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease at Early Stage. Babiloni C, Lizio R, Del Percio C, Marzano N, Soricelli A, Salvatore E, Ferri R, Cosentino FI, Tedeschi G, Montella P, Marino S, De Salvo S, Rodriguez G, Nobili F, Vernieri F, Ursini F, Mundi C, Richardson JC, Frisoni GB, Rossini PM. J Alzheimers Dis. 2013 Jan 22 VIEW
Yoga during Pregnancy: A Review. Babbar S, Parks-Savage AC, Chauhan SP. Am J Perinatol. 2012 Mar 7 VIEW
Effect of one-shot cognitive behavioral therapy on insomnia and heart rate variability of health care workers at the time of COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled trial Babak Amra1, Faranak Ghadiry2, Atefeh Vaezi3, Alireza Nematollahy2, Niayesh Radfar2, Shaghayegh Haghjoo4, Thomas Penzel5, Charles M Morin6 Sleep Breath 2022 Nov 21 VIEW
Specific Mindfulness Skills Differentially Predict Creative Performance. Baas M1, Nevicka B2, Ten Velden FS2. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2014 May 232 VIEW
Effectiveness of Acupuncture in the treatment of Fibromyalgia B. Singh, Phi//Wen-Shuo Wu, Ml//et. al Altern Ther Health Med 2006 VIEW
Acupuncture in Migraine: Investigation of Autonomic Effects B?cker M, Grossman P, Schneider J, Michalsen A, Knoblauch N, Tan L, Niggemeyer C, Linde K, Melchart D, Dobos GJ Clin J Pain 2008 Feb VIEW
Nasal contribution to exhaled nitric oxide at rest and during breathholding in humans B Kimberly1, B Nejadnik, G D Giraud, W E Holden Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996 Feb 1 VIEW
Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases B K Pedersen1, B Saltin2 Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015 Dec 1 VIEW
Impact of biologically closed electric circuits (BCEC) on structure and function B E Nordenström1 Integr Physiol Behav Sci 1992 Oct-Dec VIEW
The paradigm of biologically closed electric circuits (BCEC) and the formation of an International Association (IABC) for BCEC systems B E Nordenström1 Eur J Surg Suppl 1994 Oct 27 VIEW
The gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease B Bonaz1 Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023 Dec 20 VIEW
A Pilot Study Examining the Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Symptoms of Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Postconcussive Syndrome. Azulay J, Smart CM, Mott T, Cicerone KD. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2012 Jun 8 VIEW
Music Therapy for Reducing Anxiety in Critically Ill Patients. Azoulay E, Chaize M, Kentish-Barnes N. JAMA 2013 May 20 VIEW
Electromagnetic therapy for treating pressure ulcers. Aziz Z, Flemming K. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Dec 12 VIEW
Effect of Tai Chi Chuan on balance in women with multiple sclerosis. Azimzadeh E1, Hosseini MA2, Nourozi K1, Davidson PM3. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2014 Nov 27 VIEW
Colors as catalysts in enzymatic reactions. Azeemi ST, Raza SM, Yasinzai M. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2008 Dec VIEW
Synchronization dynamics induced on pairs of neurons under applied weak alternating magnetic fields. Azanza MJ, Del Moral A, Calvo AC, Pérez-Bruzón RN, Junquera C. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2013 Sep 3 VIEW
Effect of Yoga on Lipid Profile and C-reactive Protein in Women. Azami M1, Hafezi Ahmadi MR2, YektaKooshali MH3, Qavam S4 Int J Prev Med. 2019 May 17 VIEW
Individuals with tension and migraine headaches exhibit increased heart rate variability during post-stress mindfulness meditation practice but not during a post-stress control condition - A randomized, controlled experiment. Azam MA1, Katz J2, Mohabir V3, Ritvo P4 Int J Psychophysiol. 2016 Oct 18 VIEW
Ultrasound Effect on Cancerous versus Non-Cancerous Cells. Azagury A1, Amar-Lewis E1, Yudilevitch Y2, Isaacson C3, Laster B3, Kost J4 Ultrasound Med Biol. 2016 Jul VIEW
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training in Improving the Quality of Life of the War Victims with Post Traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Azad Marzabadi E1, Hashemi Zadeh SM1. Iran J Psychiatry. 2014 Oct VIEW
Biological Function in Terms of the Therapeutic Effect of Microwave Resonance Therapy Ayuzawa S 1//Saito H 2//Yano H 3//Enomoto T 4//// J Intl Soc Life Info Science 2001 VIEW
Effectiveness of Tai Chi Exercise Program on Sleep, Quality of Life, and Physical Performance in Postmenopausal Working Women Ayushi Rajkumar Jain1, Doss Prakash Sundarajan1 J Midlife Health 2022 Apr-Jun VIEW
Exposure to electromagnetic field, cell phone use behaviors, SAR values, and changes in health following exposure in adolescent university students Ayşe İkinci Keleş1, Ceyda Uzun Şahin2 Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2021 Feb 1 VIEW
Effects of a Physical Activity Program that Incorporates Exercises Targeting Balance, Strength, and Proprioception on Cognitive Functions and Physical Performance in Old Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment Ayoub Boulares1, Claudine Fabre2, Ala Cherni3, Hela Jdidi4, Sabri Gaied Chortane1,5, Carlo Trompetto6,7, Luca Puce6, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi8 J Alzheimers Dis 2023 Sep 21 VIEW
Effects of Tai Chi training on functionality, dynamic balance, kinesiophobia, and quality of life in athletes with functional ankle instability Aynollah Naderi1, Seyed Zahid Ebrahimi2 Res Sports Med 2024 Aug 4 VIEW
Effects of stress and mindfulness on epigenetics Ayman Mukerji Househam1 Vitam Horm 2023 Mar 5 VIEW
Effect of Adding Proprioceptive Exercise to Balance Training in Older Adults With Diabetes: A Systematic Review Ayman A Mohamed, Yih-Kuen Jan Current diabetes reviews 2020 VIEW
Acute effects of inspiratory muscle training at different intensities in healthy young people Aylin Tanriverdi1,2, Buse Ozcan Kahraman3, Ismail Ozsoy4, Ebru Ozpelit5, Sema Savci3 Ir J Med Sci 2020 Aug 26 VIEW
Statistical concerns about the study: hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect of Tai chi exercise training in older adults with metabolic syndrome. Aydın T1, Oren MM2, Bahat G3 Clin Interv Aging. 2018 Jul 11 VIEW
Cross-training effect of chronic whole-body vibration exercise: a randomized controlled study. Aydın T1, Kesiktaş FN1, Baskent A2, Karan A2, Karacan I1, Türker KS3 Somatosens Mot Res. 2020 Feb 5 VIEW
Examining the Mediating Role of Mindful Parenting: A Study on the Relationship Between Parental Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Problem Behaviors of Children with ASD Aydan Aydin1 J Autism Dev Disord 2022 Jan 28 VIEW
Neuroprotective and Anti-Aging Potentials of Essential Oils from Aromatic and Medicinal Plants. Ayaz M1, Sadiq A1, Junaid M1, Ullah F1, Subhan F2, Ahmed J3 Front Aging Neurosci. 2017 May 30 VIEW
Interoceptive training impacts the neural circuit of the anterior insula cortex Ayako Sugawara1, Ruri Katsunuma1,2, Yuri Terasawa1,3, Atsushi Sekiguchi4 Transl Psychiatry 2024 May 23 VIEW
Telomere length and telomerase activity; a yin and yang of cell senescence. Axelrad MD, Budagov T, Atzmon G. J Vis Exp. 2013 May 22 VIEW
Learning to Be Conscious Axel Cleeremans1, Dalila Achoui2, Arnaud Beauny2, Lars Keuninckx2, Jean-Remy Martin2, Santiago Muñoz-Moldes2, Laurène Vuillaume2, Adélaïde de Heering2 Trends Cogn Sci 2020 Feb 1 VIEW
Issues and Perspectives in Meditation Research: In Search for a Definition. Awasthi B. Front Psychol. 2012 VIEW
Page: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191

Copyright © 2004-2024 Qigong Institute. All rights reserved.