• The Western and Chinese exercise training for blood pressure reduction among hypertensive patients: An overview of systematic reviews
• Feasibility, Usability, and Acceptability of Online Mind-Body Exercise Programs for Older Adults: A Scoping Review. Conclusion: Online MBE programs including Tai Chi for older adults appear to be a feasible and acceptable alternative to in-person programs. It is important to consider the type of exercise (e.g., MBE), diverse teaching styles, and learner needs when designing online exercise classes.
• Newly compiled Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) promotes lower extremity exercise: a preliminary cross sectional study.  Bafa Wubu (aka "Eight Methods and Five Steps") Tai Chi was very recently created by the General Administration of Sport in China as an introductory Tai Chi form and simple health practice. It is based on Tai Chi fundamentals common to the five schools of Tai Chi, namely, the Eight Energies: Peng, Lu, Ji, An, Cai, Lie, Zhou, and Kao. This is the second research paper featuring the new Bafa Wubu Tai Chi, and indicates an effort by the Chinese government to promote and standardize it. Conclusions: Professional groups who have been practicing Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) for a long time have higher ground reaction force, and the force on the three joints of the lower extremities is different for various movements, which has positive significance for exercising the joints of the lower extremities. In addition, various motions activate muscles of different types at different levels. For amateurs to practice different movements to stimulate the muscles, targeted areas of practice promote the lower extremity muscles' synergistic force. In summary, the muscles and joints of the lower extremity can obtain comprehensive and balanced exercise through Bafa Wubu.
• Effects of the different Tai Chi exercise cycles on patients with essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: The meta-analysis indicated that a more than 12 weeks Tai Chi exercise cycle with less than 60 min each time and more than 5 times per week may be more beneficial in blood pressure reduction, NO level increasing and blood lipid metabolism improving in the comparison with the other exercise cycles. For patients with hypertension plus hyperlipidemia, exercise frequency of less than 5 times per week may be better.
• Pilot studies of recruitment and feasibility of remote Tai Chi in racially diverse older adults with multisite pain. Remote exercise programming delivered online via live Zoom sessions is safe and feasible for diverse older adults who have multisite pain and risk of falls.
• Efficacy of traditional Chinese exercise for obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: Traditional Chinese exercise (Qigong and Tai Chi) is an effective treatment for obesity; people under the COVID-19 lockdown could do these exercises to control weight.
• Effect of Baduanjin on physical functioning and balance in adults with mild-to-moderate intellectual disabilities: A comparative study. Conclusion: Baduanjin practice may cause significant, albeit small, improvements in physical functioning of adults with intellectual disabilities.
• The role and regulation mechanism of Chinese traditional fitness exercises on the bone and cartilage tissue in patients with osteoporosis: A narrative review. The various means of Chinese traditional fitness exercises widely used in clinical practice, namely, Taijiquan, Baduanjin, Wuqinxi, and Yijin Jing, have different emphases, and the effect of improving bone density differs in various parts of the body. The exercisers may choose the exercise flexibly based on their own needs. Chinese traditional fitness exercises can improve the bone density of the exercisers and relieve pain, improve balance, and regulate the psychological state. Consequently, it is worth promoting to be applied in clinical practices.
• Investigating Inter- and Intra-individual Differences in Tai Chi Practice Time, Pain, and Mood Among Participants with Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Tai Chi is emerging as a promising treatment for a variety of pain conditions, including chronic nonspecific neck pain. Combined class and at-home exposure to Tai Chi appears to be critical to reductions in chronic nonspecific neck pain. In addition, anxiety may be an important characteristic that partially governs the dose-response relationship in participants with chronic nonspecific neck pain.
• Effects of qigong exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: Qigong may be an alternative exercise mode to improve cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome.
• Promoting the well-being of rural elderly people for longevity among different birth generations: A healthy lifestyle perspective. Conclusion: Improving subjective wellbeing extended the life span and reduced mortality risk in rural elderly people and may be achieved by the shaping of a healthy lifestyle, such as preferences for eating vegetables, walking/Tai Chi, and reading.
• Effects of traditional Chinese exercises on the rehabilitation of patients with chronic heart failure: A meta-analysis. Baduanjin, Yijinjing, Wuqinxi, and Tai Chi are Traditional Qigong Exercises that improved several recovery indicators, heart failure-related clinical symptoms, quality of life, and physiological indicators in patients with CHF.
• Effects of Tai Chi on insomnia in elderly people with chronic non-specific low back pain: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. 
• The effects of qigong intervention based on the Internet on quality of life and physical fitness in Chinese postoperative breast cancer patients: a protocol of randomized controlled trial. 
• Home-Based Pilot Intervention to Improve Quality of Life and Related Outcomes among Unpaid Caregivers and Their Care-Recipients with Visual Impairments. The study revealed many positive outcomes in the quality of life and well-being of the participants following the 10-week multi-modal intervention which included Tai Chi. These results represent a promising program for unpaid caregivers of older adults with visual impairments.
• Value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for diagnosing sarcopenia in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and efficacy of Baduanjin exercise combined with nutritional support. Muscular strength can be enhanced and inflammation decreased in sarcopenia patients through nutritional support and physical exercise, i.e., Baduanjin exercise.
• Participant Perspectives on Community Qigong for People with Multiple Sclerosis. Qigong is a self-care practice that may benefit people with MS. 
• Epigenomic impacts of meditative practices. The author argues that meditative practices, which include Qigong and Tai Chi, are potent in altering the epigenome - dynamically and by inducing long-term changes. This suggests the importance of integrating mindfulness practices into mainstream medicine.
• GET FIT: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Tai Ji Quan Versus Strength Training for Fall Prevention After Chemotherapy in Older, Postmenopausal Women Cancer Survivors. 
• Tai Chi exercise improves working memory capacity and emotion regulation ability in college students. The authors suggest those adolescents who are experiencing volatile moods and poor emotion regulation attend regular Tai Chi classes, which could contribute to their emotional health. The full PMC article has a very well written 5 paragraph `Discussion’ pertaining to the integrative principles of Tai Chi practice as not merely a sequence of range of motion `exercises’.
• Clinical Outcomes Following Exercise Rehabilitation in People with Multimorbidity: A Systematic Review. Conclusion: In people with multimorbidity, exercise rehabilitation including Tai Chi improved exercise capacity, health-related quality of life, and cardiometabolic outcomes.
• Traditional fitness Qigong wins hearts of young Chinese
• On the road to resilience: Epigenetic effects of meditation. At the molecular level, the effects of both stress and meditation are elicited epigenetically through a set of mechanisms that regulate gene expression as well as the circulating neuroendocrine and immune effectors. Epigenetic mechanisms constantly reshape genome activities in response to external stimuli, representing a molecular interface between organism and environment. In the present work, we aimed to review the current knowledge on the correlation between epigenetics, gene expression, stress and its possible antidote, meditation.
• A comparison between effects of Square-Stepping Exercise and Tai Chi Chuan on functional fitness and fear of falling in older women. Conclusion: Our findings showed that both TCC and SSE interventions improved functional fitness and fear of falling. The TCC is more effective than SSE, though the latter is easier to learn and perform.
• Global trends of traditional Chinese exercises for musculoskeletal disorders treatment research from 2000 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis. Traditional Chinese exercise (Tai Chi and Qigong) has been shown to be effective in relieving long-term chronic pain, physical dysfunction, decreased ability to participate in society and decreased quality of life in musculoskeletal diseases. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in publications on the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders by traditional Chinese exercises. The purpose of this study is to review the characteristics and trends of Chinese traditional exercise studies on musculoskeletal diseases published since 2000 through bibliometric analysis, and identify current research hotspots, so as to guide the direction of future research.
• Effect and Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Exercise Therapy on Stroke Recovery. Stroke is currently the second largest contributor to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in developing countries, and it is the third largest contributor to DALYs in developed countries. It requires a large number of resources from the health care system every year, which places a great burden on society, families, and individuals. Treatment of stroke recovery mainly includes Tai Chi and various Qigong forms (Baduanjin, Daoyin, Yi Jin Jing, Five Animal Frolics, and Six Healing Sounds) which can effectively improve motor function, balance and coordination ability, cognitive dysfunction, nerve function, depression or emotional state, daily living ability, and so on after stroke. 
• Effects of 12-week Tai Chi program on physical function, depression, and quality of life among cognitively impaired older adults: a feasibility study. Conclusion: TCM has the potential to improve physical functioning and QoL.
• Effects of Tai Chi Yunshou on upper-limb function and balance in stroke survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: TCY may benefit balance and ADLs in rehabilitation after a stroke. 
• Exercise sustains motor function in Parkinson's disease: Evidence from 109 randomized controlled trials on over 4,600 patients. The results of meta-regression revealed that chronic exercise, including Qigong, delays the progression of PD motor, mobility, and balance decline. The results from network meta-analyses also suggest that Qigong may have specific benefit in improving hand function. Qigong and cycling emerged from the network meta-analysis as the most likely to improve manual dexterity.
• Evidence for Choosing Qigong as an Integrated Intervention in Cancer Care: An Umbrella Review. Qigong practice can moderate non-intrinsic, modifiable risk factors that act on the stress response using physical movements, breathing, and focused attention. Qigong is a safe practice that can be used even by frail patients. The overall quality of life, cancer-related fatigue, and cognitive impairment were improved by Qigong. Different Qigong programs have different impacts on sleep quality and gastrointestinal problems, suggesting that longer practice sessions are required to achieve improvements. To maintain Qigong's effectiveness, an ordinary practice is essential, or such effectiveness will wear off.
• Tai Chi Exercise for Mental and Physical Well-Being in Patients with Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.  Tai Chi showed improvements in mental and physical well-being as evidenced by the reductions in depression and anxiety and improved quality of life (QOL) of the patients with depressive symptoms.
• Effects of Tai Chi on Sleep Quality as Well as Depression and Anxiety in Insomnia Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Tai chi exercise has a good preventive and ameliorating effect on insomnia, which can relieve patients' depression and anxiety, simultaneously enhancing various functions of the body. 
• Association between Tai Chi Yuttari Exercise and Longevity and Prevention of Long-Term Care (LTC) Need: Survival Analysis in Kitakata City, Japan. Kitakata City in Fukushima Prefecture developed Tai Chi Yuttari (“Yuttari” means “relaxed” or “slowly” in Japanese) exercise classes for slightly frail older people to prevent deterioration of physical function and the need for LTC.
• Using remotely delivered Spring Forest Qigong™ to reduce neuropathic pain in adults with spinal cord injury: A non-randomized controlled trial. This is a preprint not yet peer-reviewed by a journal. Conclusions and relevance: Our preliminary data demonstrate the feasibility of Qigong practice in adults with SCI-related neuropathic pain and promising results of neuropathic pain relief and improvement in SCI-related symptoms after Qigong practice.
• Effect of weight-bearing Liuzijue Qigong on cardiopulmonary function. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of weight-bearing Liuzijue Qigong on cardiopulmonary function in healthy volunteers. Conclusion: Weight-bearing Liuzijue Qigong training significantly improved cardiopulmonary function in healthy volunteers, thus representing home-based cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training.
• Identifying body awareness-related brain network changes after Spring Forest Qigong™ practice or P.Volve low-intensity exercise in adults with chronic low back pain: a feasibility Phase I Randomized Clinical Trial. 
• Effects of "Taking the Waist as the Axis" Therapy on trunk postural control disorder after stroke: A randomized controlled trial. Sufficient attention to trunk rehabilitation after stroke is still lacking. Loss of trunk selective activity is considered to be the leading cause of trunk postural control disorder after stroke. "Taking the Waist as the Axis" Therapy (WAT) was developed as a combination of the concept of "Taking the Waist as the Axis" from Tai Chi and the rehabilitation of trunk dysfunction after stroke. Conclusion: WAT was an effective trunk treatment after stroke, which significantly improved the patients' trunk posture control ability, motor function and forced vital capacity.
• Efficacy of Tai Chi on lower limb function of Parkinson's disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: TC has beneficial effects on motor function, balance function, functional walking ability, and gait velocity.
• The Effect of Traditional Chinese Exercises on Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Compared with the use of antihypertensive drugs alone or in health education, the addition of Chinese traditional exercises showed significant effects in regulating the SBP and DBP levels in hypertensive patients. In addition, the study found that for the treatment of hypertension, most of the Chinese traditional exercises are Taijiquan and Baduanjin, while other types of sports such as Wuqinxi, Liuzijue, Yijinjing, and other tests are rare. Moreover, according to the analysis of reduced subgroup heterogeneity, it is suggested that future exercise prescription formulation can be TCE vs. nonintervention, TCE + health education vs. health education, and intervention prescription design of TCE + AHD vs. AHD, which can better reflect the effect of traditional exercise on hypertensive patients.
• The Effect of Meditation-Based Mind-Body Interventions on Symptoms and Executive Function in People With ADHD: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. MBIs, including Tai Chi and Qigong, have a significant improvement relative to the control condition.
• Effects of exercise on sleep in perimenopausal women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Qigong is among the types of exercise that had significant effects on the sleep quality and insomnia symptoms in perimenopausal women. Subgroup analysis showed that fitness Qigong with a period of 10 to 12 weeks, a frequency of more than 3 times a week, and a duration of each time of 30 to 60 min was the most effective in improving sleep.
• The effects of Tai Chi on physical function and safety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: Tai Chi is safe for RA patients.  
• Is physical activity effective against cancer-related fatigue in lung cancer patients? An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Tai Chi and breathing exercises are among the physical activities helpful for cancer-related fatigue and have been shown to improve fatigue. According to the different treatment methods and disease stages of patients, individualized rehabilitation programs should be developed for patients. 
• Can Qigong Be a Tool to Assist Students in Handling COVID-19's Resulting Academic Stress? There were improvements in specific auditory processing and reaction times that may indicate benefits in attention and learning capacity. These improvements were more pronounced in the experimental Qigong group compared to the sham Qigong group. Qigong may be able to assist in improving students' academic performance and can be easily integrated into physical education classes. It could also assist students to cope with the increased academic pressure resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic context.
• The effect of Bafa Wubu of Tai Chi on college students' anxiety and depression: A randomized, controlled pilot study.  In this pilot study with college students, Tai Chi alleviated anxiety and depression. Bafa Wubu (aka "Eight Methods and Five Steps") Tai Chi was very recently created by the General Administration of Sport in China as an introductory Tai Chi form and simple health practice. It is based on Tai Chi fundamentals common to the five schools of Tai Chi, namely, the Eight Energies: Peng, Lu, Ji, An, Cai, Lie, Zhou, and Kao. For more info on Bafa Wubu, see https://tundeworld.com/Bafa-Wubu-of-Tai-Chi-Eight-Methods-and-Five-Steps.
• Mitigating effects and mechanisms of Tai Chi on mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. Tai Chi can improve cognitive functions and alleviate the accompanying symptoms of MCI in the elderly potentially by activating the expression of signals in different brain regions, altering their connectivity, increasing the brain volume, and modulating brain-derived neurotropic and inflammation factors. Studies comparing various types of Tai Chi may contribute to the identification of paradigms that have appropriate intensities and difficulty and exert good effects on older people with MCI.
• Recent Progress in Mind-Body Therapies in Cancer Care. MBT studies continue to struggle with methodological issues such as intervention standardization, facilitator training, small sample sizes, and short follow-up. Accumulating evidence supports the use of MBTs for people with cancer. 
• Effects of exercise or tai chi on Internet addiction in college students and the potential role of gut microbiota: A randomized controlled trial
• Mindful Movement Intervention Applied to at Risk Urban School Children for Improving Motor, Cognitive, and Emotional-Behavioral Regulation. Conclusions: MMI (including a modified Tai Chi sequence) was associated with improvements across objective and subjective assessments of motor, cognitive, and behavioral control. This proof-of-principle investigation provides preliminary support for the efficacy and feasibility of a novel MMI implemented as part of the school day in an urban school setting with 7–8-year-old children to augment development of at-risk youth.
• Barriers, Facilitators, and Sustainers in Tai Ji Quan Practice: A Mixed-Methods RE-AIM Assessment of College Students Versus the General Population. Both individual (personal) and environmental (settings) factors are important in shaping personal decisions in TJQ engagement.
• Effects of Baduanjin exercise on the physical function of middle-aged and elderly people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Baduanjin exercise may is an effective intervention to improve physical function in the middle-aged and elderly population. 
• Implementation of an Evidence-Based, Tai Ji Quan Fall Prevention Program in Rural West Virginia Churches: A RE-AIM Evaluation
• Facilitators and Barriers of Tai Chi Practice in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Qualitative Study. Conclusions: The study findings could provide valuable information to health professionals, such as nurses and physical therapists, in developing and implementing effective Tai Chi programs in care plans. Considering health conditions, tailoring Tai Chi exercise instruction styles, encouraging social and peer support, and incorporating music may promote Tai Chi practice and adherence.
• Baduanjin improves neck pain and functional movement in middle-aged and elderly people: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Baduanjin is safe and has a trend of positive benefits in the treatment of neck pain in middle-aged and elderly people.
• Effectiveness of mind-body exercise via Baduanjin on physical and psychological outcomes in patients with pulmonary ground-glass nodules: A non-randomized controlled pilot study. Conclusion: GGN patients in the Baduanjin intervention group showed greater benefits in pulmonary function and psychological outcomes than those in the health education control group, and the effectiveness was stable. The findings support Baduanjin as an effective, safe, enjoyable, and promising complementary intervention for management of GGN in patients with physical and psychological distress.
• Traditional Baduanjin exercise through the eyes of patients with chronic heart failure: A qualitative content analysis study. Conclusion: This study's findings indicate that Baduanjin could be a cardiac rehabilitation exercise modality for patients with CHF in China, especially in a home-based setting.
• Network meta-analysis of the efficacy of four traditional Chinese physical exercise therapies on the prevention of falls in the elderly. Discussion: The present evidence suggests that all four traditional Chinese body-building exercise therapies have a preventive effect on fall behavior in older adults. In clinical treatment and daily physical exercise, two exercises, BaDuan Jin and Yi Jin Jing, may be preferred to reduce the risk of falls in the elderly, but the exercise regimen of Qigong should be selected scientifically and rationally according to their actual conditions.
• Effect and safety of traditional Chinese exercises (Qigong therapy) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. 
• Pilot study of Qigong/Tai Chi Easy acute effects of meditative movement, breath focus and "flow" on blood pressure, mood and oxytocin in older adults. Discussion/conclusion: Medium to large effect sizes indicating change in mood and connection were found for this single session intervention. Knowing that Tai Chi improves BP when practiced over time, this TCE intervention shows promise for planning a fully powered, randomized controlled study of BP, mood and perceptions of connection in hypertensive older adults. 
• Mind-Body Integrative Health (MBIH) Interventions for Sleep among Adolescents: A Scoping Review of Implementation, Participation and Outcomes. Qigong is among the sleep interventions that improve psychological well-being in adolescents. The two interventions that found statistically significant, moderate improvements in objectively-measured sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency were of higher intensity and used mindfulness.
• Efficacy of traditional Chinese exercise for sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. There is low to moderate evidence that routine Qigong and Tai Chi help with sarcopenia.
• Long-term Tai Chi training reduces the fusion illusion in older adults. "The present study provides preliminary evidence that long-term Tai Chi exercise improves older adults' multisensory integration, which occurs in early perceptual processing."
• Effect of Baduanjin exercise on cerebral blood flow and cognitive frailty in the community older adults with cognitive frailty: A randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: The 24 weeks Baduanjin exercise training had a positive beneficial effect on cerebral blood flow in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty. This may be a potential mechanism by which Baduanjin exercise improves the cognitive frailty in older adults.

2023