Mitochondrial dysfunction and its association with age-related disorders
Author: Indumathi Somasundaram1, Samatha M Jain2, Marcel Blot-Chabaud3, Surajit Pathak2, Antara Banerjee2, Sonali Rawat4, Neeta Raj Sharma5, Asim K Duttaroy6
Affiliation:
1 Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur, India.
2 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India.
3 C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
4 Stem Cell Facility, DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
5 School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.
6 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Conference/Journal: Front Physiol
Date published: 2024 Jul 2
Other:
Volume ID: 15 , Pages: 1384966 , Special Notes: doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1384966. , Word Count: 160
Aging is a complex process that features a functional decline in many organelles. Various factors influence the aging process, such as chromosomal abnormalities, epigenetic changes, telomere shortening, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction significantly impacts aging because mitochondria regulate cellular energy, oxidative balance, and calcium levels. Mitochondrial integrity is maintained by mitophagy, which helps maintain cellular homeostasis, prevents ROS production, and protects against mtDNA damage. However, increased calcium uptake and oxidative stress can disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential and permeability, leading to the apoptotic cascade. This disruption causes increased production of free radicals, leading to oxidative modification and accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations, which contribute to cellular dysfunction and aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting from structural and functional changes, is linked to age-related degenerative diseases. This review focuses on mitochondrial dysfunction, its implications in aging and age-related disorders, and potential anti-aging strategies through targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.
Keywords: ROS production; chromosomal aberrations; mitochondrial DNA; mitochondrial dysfunction; mitophagy.
PMID: 39015222 PMCID: PMC11250148 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1384966
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