Inspiratory muscle training in addition to whole body vibration for functional and physical outcomes in pre-frail older women: a randomized controlled trial

Author: Helga Cecília Muniz de Souza1, Maíra Florentino Pessoa1, Rafaela Dos Santos Clemente2, Alanna Vasconcelos da Silva2, Erika Alves Marinho de Andrade2, Patrícia Areias Feitosa Neves3, Juliana Fernandes4, Arméle Dornelas de Andrade1
Affiliation:
1 Postgraduate Program of Biology Applied to Health, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
2 Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
3 Hospital das Clínicas de Pernambuco, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
4 Laboratory of Physiotherapy and Collective Health, Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Conference/Journal: Age Ageing
Date published: 2022 Apr 1
Other: Volume ID: 51 , Issue ID: 4 , Pages: afac083 , Special Notes: doi: 10.1093/ageing/afac083. , Word Count: 266


Background:
to investigate the efficacy of addition of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) to the whole body vibration (WBV) on functional outcomes, physical performance, muscle strength and metabolism in pre-frail older women.

Methods:
this study was a randomized double-blind trial. Forty-two older women aged 60-80 years who meet the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty criteria for pre-frailty were randomly allocated to IMT + WBV, IMTsham + WBV or Sham groups. IMT + WBV group received 12 weeks of both trainings, whereas IMTsham + WVB received 12 weeks of WBV alone. Sham group received 12 weeks of IMT with a low fixed load and were positioned at the vibratory platform without therapeutic effect. Participants were evaluated before and after the intervention for the following outcomes: 6-min walk test distance (6MWD), balance using Tinetti test, functional mobility using timed up and go test (TUG), handgrip strength (HGS) and peripheral muscle metabolism (glucose and lactate levels).

Results:
after the training, both groups IMT + WBV and IMTsham + WBV improved 6MWD [mean percentage changes = 20.31 (SD = 14.62) and 13.02 (SD = 12.14), respectively] compared with Sham [0.27 (SD = 6.51)], P <0.01. There was also a significant decrease of mean percentage changes on time of the TUG for IMT + WBV [-21.87 (SD = 7.87)] and IMTsham + WBV [-11.15 (SD = 13.64)] compared with Sham [-4.25 (SD = 13.25)], P <0.01. IMT + WBV group improved balance when compared with IMTsham + WBV and Sham groups (P <0.05 and < 0.01, respectively). HGS and levels of lactate and glucose were similar between groups.

Conclusions:
the addition of IMT to the WBV was effective to improve functionality, balance and physical performance in pre-frail older women.

Keywords: Ageing; balance; exercise; frailty; mobility; older people; respiratory muscles.

PMID: 35397159 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac083

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