Biomarkers Obtained by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Author: Ali Jannati1, Mary A Ryan, Harper L Kaye, Melissa Tsuboyama, Alexander Rotenberg
Affiliation:
1 Neuromodulation Program and Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Division of Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, U.S.A.
Conference/Journal: J Clin Neurophysiol
Date published: 2021 Aug 3
Other:
Special Notes: doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000784. , Word Count: 149
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a method for focal brain stimulation that is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction where small intracranial electric currents are generated by a powerful fluctuating magnetic field. Over the past three decades, TMS has shown promise in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders in adults. However, the use of TMS in children has been more limited. We provide a brief introduction to the TMS technique; common TMS protocols including single-pulse TMS, paired-pulse TMS, paired associative stimulation, and repetitive TMS; and relevant TMS-derived neurophysiological measurements including resting and active motor threshold, cortical silent period, paired-pulse TMS measures of intracortical inhibition and facilitation, and plasticity metrics after repetitive TMS. We then discuss the biomarker applications of TMS in a few representative neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder, fragile X syndrome, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourette syndrome, and developmental stuttering.
PMID: 34366399 DOI: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000784
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