Author: Narsingh Verma1, Smriti Rastogi1, Yook-Chin Chia2, Saulat Siddique3, Yuda Turana4, Hao-Min Cheng5, Guru Prasad Sogunuru6, Jam Chin Tay7, Boon Wee Teo8, Tzung-Dau Wang9, Kelvin Kam Fai Tsoi10, Kazuomi Kario11
Affiliation:
1 Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
2 Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
3 Department of Cardiology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.
4 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia.
5 Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Medical Education and Research, National Yang-ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
6 Department of Cardiology, MIOT Hospital, Chennai, India.
7 Department of General Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
8 Department of Medicine division of Nephrology Wang, National University Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.
9 Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
10 Faculty of Medicine, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, JC Institute of Ageing, SH Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
11 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
Conference/Journal: J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)
Date published: 2021 Mar 18
Other:
Special Notes: doi: 10.1111/jch.14236. , Word Count: 249
Hypertension is an insidious disease which predisposes to cardiovascular complications and if not treated properly can lead to various serious complications. Economic limitations, having additional benefits with few or almost no side effects have made non-pharmacological management of hypertension an attractive approach for dealing with hypertension, in developed and developing countries alike. A MEDLINE search was done for relevant references with emphasis on original studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses for this review paper. Lifestyle modifications including changes in the dietary pattern, adopting special diets with low sodium, saturated fat and high calcium, magnesium and potassium and trying the new methods like time restricted meal intake which work in tandem with the circadian rhythm are opening new vistas in the field of non-pharmacological management of hypertension. Lifestyle modifications that effectively lower blood pressure are increased physical activity, weight loss, limited alcohol consumption, relaxation techniques of Yoga, Acupuncture, Tai chi, mindfulness-based stress-reduction program, and Transcendental Meditation. Air pollution of the surrounding air is linked with poor health outcomes and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Fine particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) is strongly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Short-term PM exposure (hours to weeks) increases the likelihood of adverse cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure, and longer-term exposure multiplies that risk. Non-pharmacological methods should be initiated early phase of disease and should be continued with medication.
Keywords: Non-pharmacological; cardiovascular disease; diastolic blood pressure; hypertension; systolic blood pressure.
PMID: 33738923 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14236
