Tai Chi for Chronic Illness Management: Synthesizing Current Evidence from Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials

Author: Liye Zou1, Tao Xiao2, Chao Cao3, Lee Smith4, Kellie Imm5, Igor Grabovac6, Thomas Waldhoer7, Yin Zhang8, Albert Yeung9, Jacopo Demurtas10, Nicola Veronese11, Ulf Ekelund12, Yikyung Park13, Lin Yang14
Affiliation:
1 Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
2 College of Mathematics and Statistics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
3 Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
4 The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
5 Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
6 Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
7 Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
8 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
9 Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
10 Primary Care Department, LHT South-East Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy.
11 National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padua, Italy.
12 Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
13 Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA.
14 Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Electronic address: lin.yang@ahs.ca.
Conference/Journal: Am J Med
Date published: 2020 Sep 15
Other: Special Notes: doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.08.015. , Word Count: 181


An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to evaluate the existing evidence of Tai Chi as a mind-body exercise for chronic illness management. MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception until 31st March 2019 for meta-analyses of at least two RCTs that investigated health outcomes associated with Tai Chi intervention. Evidence of significant outcomes (P-value <0.05) was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. This review identified 45 meta-analyses of RCTs and calculated 142 summary estimates among adults living with 16 types of chronic illnesses. Statistically significant results (P-value <0.05) were identified for 81 of the 142 outcomes (57.0%), of which 45 estimates presenting 30 unique outcomes across 14 chronic illnesses were supported by high (n=1) or moderate (n=44) evidence. Moderate evidence suggests that Tai Chi intervention improved physical functions and disease-specific outcomes compared with non-active controls and cardiorespiratory fitness compared with active controls among adults with diverse chronic illnesses. Between-study heterogeneity and publication bias were observed in some meta-analyses.

Keywords: Tai Chi; chronic Illness; mind-body exercise; randomized controlled trial; umbrella review.

PMID: 32946848 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.08.015

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