Analysis of State Insurance Coverage for Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Low Back Pain as Recommended by the American College of Physicians Guidelines.
Author: Bonakdar R1, Palanker D2, Sweeney MM1,3
Affiliation:
1Scripps Center for Integrative Medicine, La Jolla, California.
2Center on Health Insurance Reforms, Health Policy Institute at Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia.
3School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Conference/Journal: Glob Adv Health Med.
Date published: 2019 Jul 29
Other:
Volume ID: 8 , Pages: 2164956119855629 , Special Notes: doi: 10.1177/2164956119855629. eCollection 2019. , Word Count: 282
Background: In 2017, the American College of Physicians (ACP) released guidelines encouraging nonpharmacologic treatment of chronic low back pain (LBP). These guidelines recommended utilization of treatments including multidisciplinary rehabilitation, acupuncture, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), tai chi, yoga, progressive relaxation, biofeedback, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and spinal manipulation.
Objective: We aimed to determine status of insurance coverage status for multiple nonpharmacological pain therapies based on the 2017 Essential Health Benefits (EHB) benchmark plans across all states.
Methods: The 2017 EHB benchmark plans represent the minimum benefits required in all new policies in the individual and small group health insurance markets and were reviewed for coverage of treatments for LBP recommended by the ACP guidelines. Additionally, plans were reviewed for limitations and exclusionary criteria.
Results: In nearly all state-based coverage policies, chronic pain management and multidisciplinary rehabilitation were not addressed. Coverage was most extensive (supported by 46 states) for spinal manipulation. Acupuncture, massage, and biofeedback were each covered by fewer than 10 states, while MBSR, tai chi, and yoga were not covered by any states. Behavioral health treatment (CBT and biofeedback) coverage was often covered solely for mental health diagnoses, although excluded for treating LBP.
Conclusion: Other than spinal manipulation, evidence-based, nonpharmacological therapies recommended by the 2017 ACP guidelines were routinely excluded from EHB benchmark plans. Insurance coverage discourages multidisciplinary rehabilitation for chronic pain management by providing ambiguous guidelines, restricting ongoing treatments, and excluding behavioral or complementary therapy despite a cohesive evidence base. Better EHB plan coverage of nondrug therapies may be a strategy to mitigate the opioid crisis. Recommendations that reflect current research-based findings are provided to update chronic pain policy statements.
KEYWORDS: chronic pain; complementary and alternative medicine; health policy; integrative medicine; public health
PMID: 31384512 PMCID: PMC6664625 DOI: 10.1177/2164956119855629
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