Low power lasers on genomic stability.

Author: Trajano LADSN1, Sergio LPDS2, Stumbo AC3, Mencalha AL2, Fonseca ASD4
Affiliation:
1Laboratório de Pesquisa em Células Tronco, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de Setembro, 87, fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil; Laboratório de Biomorfologia e Patologia Experimental, Mestrado Profissional em Diagnóstico Clínico e Laboratorial em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Severino Sombra, Avenida Expedicionário Oswaldo de Almeida Ramos, 280, Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro 27700000, Brazil.
2Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de Setembro, 87, fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil.
3Laboratório de Pesquisa em Células Tronco, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de Setembro, 87, fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil.
4Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de Setembro, 87, fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro 20211040, Brazil; Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Avenida Alberto Torres, 111, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro 25964004, Brazil. Electronic address: adenilso@uerj.br.
Conference/Journal: J Photochem Photobiol B.
Date published: 2018 Feb 10
Other: Volume ID: 180 , Pages: 186-197 , Special Notes: doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.02.010. [Epub ahead of print] , Word Count: 215

Exposure of cells to genotoxic agents causes modifications in DNA, resulting to alterations in the genome. To reduce genomic instability, cells have DNA damage responses in which DNA repair proteins remove these lesions. Excessive free radicals cause DNA damages, repaired by base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair pathways. When non-oxidative lesions occur, genomic stability is maintained through checkpoints in which the cell cycle stops and DNA repair occurs. Telomere shortening is related to the development of various diseases, such as cancer. Low power lasers are used for treatment of a number of diseases, but they are also suggested to cause DNA damages at sub-lethal levels and alter transcript levels from DNA repair genes. This review focuses on genomic and telomere stabilization modulation as possible targets to improve therapeutic protocols based on low power lasers. Several studies have been carried out to evaluate the laser-induced effects on genome and telomere stabilization suggesting that exposure to these lasers modulates DNA repair mechanisms, telomere maintenance and genomic stabilization. Although the mechanisms are not well understood yet, low power lasers could be effective against DNA harmful agents by induction of DNA repair mechanisms and modulation of telomere maintenance and genomic stability.

KEYWORDS: Base excision repair; Genomic stability; Low power laser; Nucleotide excision repair; Telomere

PMID: 29454225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.02.010

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