Breathing as a Fundamental Rhythm of Brain Function.
Author: Heck DH1, McAfee SS1, Liu Y1, Babajani-Feremi A2, Rezaie R3, Freeman WJ4, Wheless JW3, Papanicolaou AC2, Ruszinkó M5, Sokolov Y6, Kozma R7
Affiliation:
1Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN, USA.
2Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphis, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Neuroscience InstituteMemphis, TN, USA.
3Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital Neuroscience Institute Memphis, TN, USA.
4Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Neurobiology, University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA.
5Rényi Institute of Mathematics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary.
6Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Memphis Memphis, TN, USA.
7Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of MemphisMemphis, TN, USA; Department Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherst, MA, USA.
Conference/Journal: Front Neural Circuits.
Date published: 2017 Jan 12
Other:
Volume ID: 10 , Pages: 115 , Special Notes: doi: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00115. eCollection 2016. , Word Count: 185
Ongoing fluctuations of neuronal activity have long been considered intrinsic noise that introduces unavoidable and unwanted variability into neuronal processing, which the brain eliminates by averaging across population activity (Georgopoulos et al., 1986; Lee et al., 1988; Shadlen and Newsome, 1994; Maynard et al., 1999). It is now understood, that the seemingly random fluctuations of cortical activity form highly structured patterns, including oscillations at various frequencies, that modulate evoked neuronal responses (Arieli et al., 1996; Poulet and Petersen, 2008; He, 2013) and affect sensory perception (Linkenkaer-Hansen et al., 2004; Boly et al., 2007; Sadaghiani et al., 2009; Vinnik et al., 2012; Palva et al., 2013). Ongoing cortical activity is driven by proprioceptive and interoceptive inputs. In addition, it is partially intrinsically generated in which case it may be related to mental processes (Fox and Raichle, 2007; Deco et al., 2011). Here we argue that respiration, via multiple sensory pathways, contributes a rhythmic component to the ongoing cortical activity. We suggest that this rhythmic activity modulates the temporal organization of cortical neurodynamics, thereby linking higher cortical functions to the process of breathing.
KEYWORDS: cortical oscillations; embodied cognition; graph theory; mind-body; phase amplitude coupling; phase transitions; proprioception; respiration
PMID: 28127277 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00115
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