Effect of shock waves on macrophages: A possible role in tissue regeneration and remodeling.
Author: Sukubo NG1, Tibalt E2, Respizzi S2, Locati M1, d'Agostino MC3
Affiliation:
1Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
2ESW Therapy & Research Center, Rehabilitation Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
3ESW Therapy & Research Center, Rehabilitation Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: cristina.d'agostino@humanitas.it.
Conference/Journal: Int J Surg.
Date published: 2015 Dec
Other:
Volume ID: 24 , Issue ID: Pt B , Pages: 124-30 , Special Notes: doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.719. Epub 2015 Aug 18. , Word Count: 235
INTRODUCTION: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) is broadly used as a non-surgical therapy in various diseases for its pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the molecular mechanisms translating tissue exposure to shock waves (SW) in a biological response with potential therapeutic activity are largely unknown. As macrophages take part in both the onset and amplification of the inflammatory response, and well in its resolution, we investigated the effect of SW on their biology.
METHODS: Human monocyte-derived macrophages were polarized to classic (M1) pro-inflammatory macrophages or alternative (M2) anti-inflammatory macrophages and exposed to SW ad different intensities. Expression levels of marker genes of macrophage activation were measured by qPCR at different time points.
RESULTS: SW did not induce activation of resting macrophages at any energy level used. Conversely, when used at low energy SW caused a significant inhibition of some M1 marker genes (CD80, COX2, CCL5) in M1 macrophages and a significant synergistic effect for some M2 marker genes (ALOX15, MRC1, CCL18) in M2 macrophages. SW also affected cytokine and chemokine production, inducing in particular a significant increase in IL-10 and reduction in IL-1β production.
CONCLUSIONS: Macrophage exposure to low energy SW dampens the induction of the pro-inflammatory profile characterizing M1 macrophages and promotes the acquisition of an anti-inflammatory profile synergizing with macrophage alternative activation.
Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS: ALOX15; Inflammation; Macrophages; Shock waves
PMID: 26291028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.719
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