Mindful attention to breath regulates emotions via increased amygdala-prefrontal cortex connectivity.

Author: Doll A1, Hölzel BK2, Bratec SM3, Boucard C4, Xie X2, Wohlschläger A5, Sorg C6.
Affiliation:
1Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München TUM; Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität München TUM; Department of TUM-Neuro Imaging Centre of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. 2Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München TUM; Department of TUM-Neuro Imaging Centre of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM. 3Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München TUM; Department of TUM-Neuro Imaging Centre of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. 4Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München TUM; Department of TUM-Neuro Imaging Centre of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM. 5Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München TUM; Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München TUM; Department of TUM-Neuro Imaging Centre of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. 6Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München TUM; Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität München TUM; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München TUM; Department of TUM-Neuro Imaging Centre of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München TUM. Electronic address: c.sorg@lrz.tu-muenchen.de.
Conference/Journal: Neuroimage.
Date published: 2016 Mar 23
Other: Pages: S1053-8119(16)00246-9 , Special Notes: doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.041. [Epub ahead of print] , Word Count: 211


Mindfulness practice is beneficial for emotion regulation; however, the neural mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. The current study focuses on effects of attention-to-breath (ATB) as a basic mindfulness practice on aversive emotions at behavioral and brain levels. A key finding across different emotion regulation-strategies is the modulation of amygdala and prefrontal activity. It is unclear how ATB relevant brain areas in the prefrontal cortex integrate with amygdala activation during emotional stimulation. We proposed that, during emotional stimulation, ATB down-regulates activation in the amygdala and increases its integration with prefrontal regions. To address this hypothesis, 26 healthy controls were trained in mindfulness-based attention-to-breath meditation for two weeks and then stimulated with aversive pictures during both attention-to-breath and passive viewing while undergoing fMRI. Data were controlled for breathing frequency. Results indicate that (1) ATB was effective in regulating aversive emotions. (2) Left dorso-medial prefrontal cortex was associated with ATB in general. (3) A fronto-parietal network was additionally recruited during emotional stimulation. (4) ATB down regulated amygdala activation and increased amygdala-prefrontal integration, with such increased integration being associated with mindfulness ability. Results suggest amygdala-dorsal prefrontal cortex integration as a potential neural pathway of emotion regulation by mindfulness practice.

Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.

KEYWORDS: Attention-to-breath; amygdala; emotion regulation; fMRI; mindfulness

PMID: 27033686 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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