Exploring the Effect of Mindfulness on Burnout in a Pediatric Emergency Department

Background:
Burnout is a common phenomenon among health care providers known to adversely affect their mental health and clinical acumen. As mindfulness has been shown to diminish burnout with large-scale interventions, our aim was to assess whether smaller, on-shift activities aimed at increasing mindfulness could decrease burnout among staff in a pediatric emergency department (PED).

Methods:
Prior to the implementation of a series of mindfulness-based activities, a diverse cohort of PED staff including nurses, physicians, nurse practitioners, technicians, and administrative personnel completed electronic preintervention surveys about their demographics, personal mindfulness engagement, and individual baseline burnout level using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Trained nurses and physicians served as champions who coordinated on-shift mindfulness activities, and burnout levels were subsequently reassessed using a postintervention survey.

Findings:
Among 83 eligible staff, 75 completed the preintervention and 69 completed the postintervention survey. For the MBI, the majority of staff had moderate to high burnout levels at baseline. Few staff engaged in personal mindfulness activities outside of work. Although 82% of staff participated in the on-shift interventions, no significant differences were found in scores before and after the intervention for emotional exhaustion (20.1 vs. 20, p = .93), depersonalization (7.6 vs. 7.3, p = .97), and personal accomplishment (36.1 vs. 34.8, p = .11).

Conclusion/application to practice:
While mindfulness effectively combats burnout, few PED providers regularly practice mindfulness activities. Brief, on-shift mindfulness activities were insufficient to significantly reduce burnout levels. Hospital leadership should consider dedicating resources to more intensive mindfulness activities to combat amplified burnout levels among emergency department staff.

Keywords: burnout; mindfulness; occupation stress; pediatric emergency department.

PMID: 33845687 DOI: 10.1177/21650799211004423