Study of the effectiveness of musical stimulation during intracardiac catheterization

METHODS: patients waiting for a scheduled cardiac catheterization were randomly allocated to one of three groups: control group (standard care), exposure group (music stimulation during the procedure), or coaching group (additional music therapeutic coaching). Target variables were anxiety and physiological parameters. RESULTS: Music intervention reduced anxiety (STAI-S reduction pre-post: exposure 11 pt, coaching: 4 pt, control: 6). Physiological values and medication did not differ between the groups.