Reviews on recent Korean works on Bonghan systems

There were sporadic efforts for confirming Bonghan theory from 1992 for about 10years without success, long after Bonghan Kim and Fujiwara. From July 2002, an intensive investigation into the intravascular threadlike structures called Bonghan ducts began in the Biomedical Physics Laboratory of Seoul National University. It led to a method to identify the threadlike structures as Bonghan ducts using acridine orange fluorescence staining. The size, shape, and distribution of nuclei clearly exhibited the features of Bonghan ducts. The Bonghan ducts and corpuscles on the organ-surfaces of rabbits and rats were observed by three independent teams, and their morphological characteristics were studied. Histological aspects obtained by H&E and Feulgen reactions were in agreement with Kim and Fujiwara’s results. The granules (known as San Al), obtained from the organ-surface Bonghan corpuscles, were shown to contain DNA. The nature of San Al motion was also analyzed to reveal non-thermal features