Author: Flaherty MJ1
Affiliation: <sup>1</sup>Department of Clinical Science, Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: MollyFL@UPenn.edu.
Conference/Journal: Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract.
Date published: 2019 Aug 28
Other:
Pages: S0195-5616(19)30108-1 , Special Notes: doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.07.006. [Epub ahead of print] , Word Count: 110
Physical agent modalities can be effective in the perioperative period for controlling pain and inflammation. This article presents research-based evidence to support the use of these modalities in pain management and to reduce the use of pain medications, including opioids. The mechanism of action, applications, contraindications, and adverse effects of cryotherapy, pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and laser therapy are reviewed. Incorporation of 1 or more of these therapies in anesthesia pain management protocols can improve outcomes and reduce potential drug side effects.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS: Analgesia; Cryotherapy; Electrical stimulation; Laser therapy; Opioids; Pain management; Pulsed electromagnetic therapy; Veterinary rehabilitation
PMID: 31473030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.07.006