The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory? Author: Karl Friston1 Affiliation: <sup>1</sup> The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK. k.friston@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk Conference/Journal: Nat Rev Neurosci Date published: 2010 Feb 1 Other: Volume ID: 11 , Issue ID: 2 , Pages: 127-38 , Special Notes: doi: 10.1038/nrn2787. , Word Count: 112 A free-energy principle has been proposed recently that accounts for action, perception and learning. This Review looks at some key brain theories in the biological (for example, neural Darwinism) and physical (for example, information theory and optimal control theory) sciences from the free-energy perspective. Crucially, one key theme runs through each of these theories - optimization. Furthermore, if we look closely at what is optimized, the same quantity keeps emerging, namely value (expected reward, expected utility) or its complement, surprise (prediction error, expected cost). This is the quantity that is optimized under the free-energy principle, which suggests that several global brain theories might be unified within a free-energy framework. PMID: 20068583 DOI: 10.1038/nrn2787