A brief historical perspective on the advent of brain oscillations in the biological and psychological disciplines. Author: Karakaş S1, Barry RJ2 Affiliation: <sup>1</sup>Dogus University, Department of Psychology, 34722 Kadıköy, İstanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: skarakas@dogus.edu.tr. <sup>2</sup>School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia. Electronic address: rbarry@uow.edu.au. Conference/Journal: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. Date published: 2016 Dec 12 Other: Pages: S0149-7634(16)30590-5 , Special Notes: doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.009. [Epub ahead of print] , Word Count: 187 We aim to review the historical evolution that has led to the study of the brain (body)-mind relationship based on brain oscillations, to outline and illustrate the principles of neuro-oscillatory dynamics using research findings. The paper addresses the relevant developments in behavioral sciences after Wundt established the science of psychology, and developments in the neurosciences after alpha and gamma oscillations were discovered by Berger and Adrian, respectively. Basic neuroscientific studies have led to a number of principles: (1) spontaneous EEG is composed of a set of oscillatory components, (2) the brain responds with oscillatory activity, (3) poststimulus oscillatory activity is a function of prestimulus activity, (4) the brain response results from a superposition of oscillatory components, (5) there are multiplicities with regard to oscillations and functions, and (6) oscillations are spatially integrated. Findings of clinical studies suggest that oscillatory responses can serve as biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the field of psychology is still making limited use of neuro-oscillatory dynamics for a bio-behavioral understanding of cognitive-affective processes. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd. KEYWORDS: Alpha; Beta; Biomarker; Coherence; Delta; Gamma; Oscillatory dynamics; Principles of oscillatory dynamics; Spatiotemporal integration; Theta PMID: 27979651 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.009